U.S. Forcibly Deported Islanders, Gassed their Dogs to Make Way for Diego Garcia Military Base
In order to convert the sleepy, Indian Ocean island of Diego Garcia into a dominating military base, the U.S. forcibly transported its 2,000 Chagossian inhabitants into exile and gassed their dogs.
By banning journalists from the area, the U.S. Navy was able to perpetrate this with virtually no press coverage, says David Vine, an assistant professor of anthropology at American University and author of “Island of Shame: the Secret History of the U.S. Military on Diego Garcia(Princeton University Press).”
Purchase: Island of Shame: The Secret History of the U.S. Military Base on Diego Garcia
“The Chagossians were put on a boat and taken to Mauritius and the Seychelles, 1,200 miles away, where they were left on the docks, with no money and no housing, to fend for themselves,” Vine said on the interview show “Books Of Our Time,” sponsored by the Massachusetts School of Law at Andover.
“They were promised jobs that never materialized. They had been living on an island with schools, hospitals, and full employment, sort of like a French coastal village, and they were consigned to a life of abject poverty in exile, unemployment, health problems, and were the poorest of the poor,” Vine told interview host Lawrence Velvel, dean of the law school.
Their pet dogs were rounded up and gassed, and their bodies burned, before the very eyes of their traumatized owners, Vine said.
“They were moved because they were few in number and not white,” Vine added. The U.S. government circulated the fiction the Chagossians were transient contract workers that had taken up residence only recently but, in fact, they had been living on Diego Garcia since about the time of the American Revolution. Merchants had imported them to work on the coconut and copra plantations. Vine said the U.S. government induced The Washington Post not to break a story spelling out events on the island.
“Through Diego Garcia,” Vine pointed out, “the U.S. can project its power throughout the Middle East, and from East Africa to India, Australia and Indonesia. With Guam, the island is the most important American base outside the U.S.” He said U.S. bases now number around 1,000, including 287 in Germany, 130 in Japan and Okinawa, and 57 in Italy.
“Bases have been essential tools of U.S. military and economic power since not long after independence,” Vine pointed out. “We had bases all the way to the Pacific. After the Civil War, the U.S. began to acquire coaling bases in the Pacific.”
Although the Chagossians were forcibly removed in 1971, they still hope to return, Vine says, and refer to their period of exile as one of “profound sorrow.” Vine says they would be happy to live on the unused eastern portion of the island and work at the base but the U.S. instead “imports contract labor from other areas so they can send them home when the job is done.” The island’s exiled survivors and their descendants today number about 5,000.
Long off limits to reporters, the Red Cross, and all other international observers and far more secretive than Guantánamo Bay, many long suspected the island was a clandestine CIA “black site” for high-profile detainees, Vine wrote in a related article. Journalist Stephen Grey’s 2006 book “Ghost Plane” documented the presence on the island of a CIA-chartered plane used for rendition flights. On two occasions former U.S. Army General Barry McCaffrey publicly named Diego Garcia as a detention facility. And a Council of Europe report named the atoll, along with those in Poland and Romania, as a secret prison.
The island became “a major launch pad” for the U.S. attacks on Afghanistan and Iraq, Vine said. In addition to its capacious harbor, the island readily supports some of the largest U.S. warplanes, including Air Force B-52s, B-1Bs and B-2s. Two years ago, the Pentagon awarded a $32 million contract to add a submarine base to the island’s arsenal.
Diego Garcia had been a British possession until 1966, when London allowed the U.S. to use it as a military base in exchange for cancelling a $14-million British debt for a military hardware purchase. Some idea of the size of the base may be conveyed by the fact it is said by the Pentagon to contain 654 buildings.
In a related article about Diego Garcia, Vine has written: “With support for the Chagossians’ struggle growing in both the United States and Britain at the same time that revelations about a secret CIA prison are spreading, the United States must finally act to remedy the damage done by another Guantánamo damaging too many lives and undermining its international legitimacy. The United States must allow the Chagossians to return and assist Britain in paying them proper compensation; the United States must close the detention facilities and open Diego Garcia to international investigators; the United States must end the painful irony that is a base the military calls the ‘Footprint of Freedom.’” #
(Sherwood Ross is a media consultant to the Massachusetts School of Law at Andover. Reach him at sherwoodross10@gmail.com )
I haven’t read Professor Vines book but I was asked to do some research into declassified documents related to the Chagossian matter by some who were close to bringing the facts to light. I have also read several accounts and articles about the matter, since.
By all accounts, it appears that the British, experiencing a serious financial drain due to its military bases in the Middle East and Africa, want the US to participate in a joint military base somewhat north of Diego Garcia, but the US wasn’t interested. The option of Diego Garcia came up. The Senate was on board, the House was skeptical and Defense questioned the need and the logistics as they related to, mainly, protecting the oil routes that passed the tip of Africa.
According to one document, the proposal was rejected by Robert McNamara. The British then, quite unexpectedly announced that they were pulling out all troops from ‘East of the Suez’ leaving the US in a position of having to increase US presence in the Middle East to ensure the flow of oil that had become essential to the US economy, had been for many years, and explained US presence there completely.
It appears, too that, unlike what is implied in ‘U.S. Forcibly Deported Islanders, Gassed their Dogs to Make Way for Diego Garcia Military Base’ that the British transported the Chagossians to Mauritius and did so in a very insensitive fashion. Those transported were given some financial settlement at a later date, but many fell into despair, alcoholism, and the like. The Chagossians were under British rule at the time and it would probably have been a violation of international law for the US to remove them. Since then they have been given British citizenship and many moved to England, others stayed on Mauritius, some went elsewhere.
The gassing of the family pets and beasts of burden seems to have been true but there are mixed conclusions as to whether it was done by the US or British.
Again, I haven’t read Mr. Vine’s book, but if the above article is representative of its content it appears that he is building ‘evidence’ for a larger agenda that seems to be reduction or removal of US Forward Operating Bases around the world and doing so with something of a sensationalized account.
By targeting the US military as some autonomous force taking things into its own hands around the world for some sinister purpose, he might accomplish that. But readers should understand that US presence in the Middle East and the perimeter bases that support that position such as Diego Garcia, are part of foreign policy and that foreign policy supports domestic needs (and, yes, the needs of big money efforts that may meet investor needs at the expense of US taxpayers and the country’s image in the world). Those domestic needs are dominated by the culture we decide to live in and that culture was, is, and shall continue to be based on oil energy and all the bells and whistle that come with it.
Something to think about the next time you leave lights on, take unnecessary drives or buy things that are not energy efficient.
I haven’t read Mr. Vine’s book but I was asked to do some research into declassified documents by people close to the Chagossian effort to determine some facts.
The British, facing severe financial problems and problems with their African bases wanted the US to participate in a joint base development further north of Diego Garcia. The US wasn’t interested. Diego Garcia was suggested. While the Senate was on board and the House was reluctant to spend the money (about $25 million was a good bit of spending in the late 60′s) Defense wasn’t all that interested in Diego. Robert McNamara nixed the idea because it was too far from the oil tanker routes to be of any use.
Then the British unexpectedly announced they were pulling out all troops from east of the Suez. The US had relied on the British troop presence in the Middle East to ride herd on oil interests. That changed things decidedly and Diego became necessary to continue the oil-based foreign policy in the Middle East.
From what I turned up and from reading various accounts of the ‘evacuation’ it appears that the islanders were moved by the British in a very insensitive fashion. It may not have been legal under international law for the US to move those people.There is some dispute about who gassed the dogs and the beasts of burden. Since it was done during the evacuation it is reasonable to conclude that the ones evacuating the Chagossians, the British, did the gassing.
The British eventually gave the Chagossians some money but many had fallen into alcoholism, depression, and other form of despair. They were eventually given British citizenship, some moved to England, others elsewhere.
It appears to me after reading various articles that Mr. Vine may have an unspoken agenda. Who knows what that might be but he seems to be tapping a sentiment that the US military is some anonymous force that goes about the world surreptitiously carrying out the will of evil corporations at the expense of the taxpayers and the US image overseas.
Perhaps that is true but I don’t think so in this matter.
There was some legal trickery that prohibited the Chagossian’s case from being heard in US courts. You can look at that as the US avoiding its responsibilities or protecting taxpayer dollars from being spent when the British should be the ones to pay.
What readers might consider is that all Middle East foreign policy decisions over the past 60 years have been, are, and will be about oil. Oil that is needed to meet the demands of our culture and economy. You know, the one that allows you to waste energy on unnecessary car trips, inefficient use of home and office electricity, and gadgets we can probably do without.
The continuing saga on this issue is far more riling; it appears that the forces behind relocating the Chagossians would like to see a very expensive eco-resort there. The Chagsossians wouldn’t necessarily get to rebuild their culture but would get to run shops, clean rooms, serve the guests. Frankly, I’m not sure I would want to visit an eco-resort or live in a location that is within impact distance of a terror strike against Diego.